Taiwan's legislature passed new energy rules forcing big electricity users to build their own power generation or storage, with fines up to NT$750,000 per violation — bad for heavy industry's costs, good for grid stability.

• Companies that add large new electricity contracts must install their own generation or battery storage above a set size.
• Firms that fail to fix violations face repeated fines, charged again each time they stay out of compliance.
• Penalties for not hiring certified energy managers jumped sharply, from a small slap to as much as NT$500,000.
• Regulators can now name and shame companies that break the rules or harm consumers.
• Energy suppliers must also hand over and publish sales statistics to help the government manage demand.

Outlook: Taiwan's economics ministry will set the exact capacity thresholds and deadlines, so factories and data centers face new spending on generators and batteries in the coming year.