TSMC's US factory has swung from heavy losses to becoming its most profitable overseas plant, a win for the company's American expansion and for doubters' critics in Taiwan.

• The Arizona plant booked about NT$33 billion in first-half profit, six times last year's level.
• It lost money in 2023 and 2024 while being built, then turned a profit in the first half of 2025.
• Its two China plants together earned only about NT$21 billion, so the US site now beats them combined.
• Arizona runs advanced 5nm and 4nm chips with 3nm and 2nm coming, while the Shanghai and Nanjing plants make older, cheaper chips.
• Yields in Arizona now match Taiwan's factories, and big customers have the lines running full.

Outlook: With newer chip lines still ramping up in Arizona, the gap between TSMC's US and China operations is likely to widen further.