Taiwan faces a broader kind of pressure from China — not just military threats but data theft, propaganda and psychological warfare — and the response is a call to harden the island's digital defenses.

• Reports say Beijing has obtained personal data on senior Taiwanese officers and is collecting information on military families and people who travel to China.
• Pressure has moved beyond warplanes and ships into information, psychological and united-front operations aimed at shaping opinion inside Taiwan.
• Any leak — from government staff records to company secrets to critical infrastructure — can be turned into a tool for infiltration or spying, so agencies are being pushed to coordinate across departments.
• Normal exchanges in culture, education, tourism and trade are still welcome, but only with security awareness so they do not become a channel for spying.
• Taiwan's cyber agency flags China as a high-risk place to go online, warning of a greater chance of stolen data and digital surveillance there.

Outlook: Expect more pressure on Taipei to pass stronger cybersecurity rules and run public awareness campaigns, while China keeps squeezing Taiwan's space in international bodies.